Formulas & Functions in Excel
Formulas are the true power in excel. Knowing how to use formulas will increase your productivity. To build a formula, first select the cell in which you want the results to appear. In Excel, all formulas start with the = sign. After the = sign, type the cells you want to add or subtract along with the mathematical operation you wish to perform. For example, to add together three cells =B3+B4+B5. Remember the order of mathematical operations when creating your own formulas. Brackets first, subtraction last (Bedmas).
Copying Formulas
The easiest way to copy a formula is with the Fill Handle in the lower right corner of the cell. Create your initial formula and then position the mouse on the fill Handle. When the mouse changes shape to a cross-hair, press and drag over the adjacent cells you want to copy the formula to. a word of caution about this. If one of the cells you are using in your formula is the same in every cell, such as a tax rate, then this cell is absolute and not relative. To change part of your formula to absolute, press F4 until you have dollar signs. Only apply this to the reference that is fixed.
SUM( ) function
The SUM( ) function is probably the most common function in Excel. It adds a range of numbers. To build a SUM( ) function, begin by typing the = sign; all functions begin with the = sign. Next type the word SUM followed by an open parenthesis. You must now tell Excel which cells to sum. Using the mouse, click and drag over the range of cells you wish to add. A dotted outline will appear around the cells and the cell range will be displayed in the formula bar. When you have the correct cells selected, release the mouse button, type a closing parenthesis and press the <Enter> key.
If you do not want to use the mouse, type in the references of the cells you want to sum. For example, to add cells B3 through B5, type =SUM(B3:B5). Excel interprets B3:B5 as the range of cells from B3 to B5.
AutoSum button
In Excel, the standard toolbar has a button that simplifies adding a column or row of numbers. The AutoSum button, which resembles the Greek letter Sigma. This automatically creates a SUM( ) function. When you click the AutoSum button Excel creates a sum function for the column of numbers directly above or the row of numbers to the left. Excel pastes the SUM( ) function and the range to sum into the formula bar. If the range is not correct, simply select the proper range with your mouse on the worksheet. When you have the correct range entered, press the <Enter> key to complete the function. If you just want to know the value of the cells you have selected, then take a look at the bottom right hand side of the excel interface or status bar. A sum value will appear. This can be changed by right-clicking the bar to show a different function.
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Some people make a table on Excel and then and up doing the math with a calculator since they don't know which of the the buttons are used to automatically deal with the numbers for them. You probably didn't even know how flexible the copying and pasting is on Excel.
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